Rawdah Mubarak (Sacred chamber)

This gold grill is the front part of the Rawdah Mubarak, the Sacred Chamber in which the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) passed away and where he is buried. It also houses the graves of the first two Caliphs of Islam, Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) and Umar (رضي الله عنه).

• With regards visiting Madinah and performing the Ziyarah (visiting the grave of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ)), the Prophet (ﷺ) said: “Whoever visits me after my death is like he who had visited me during my life.” [Tabraani] “Whoever performs his Hajj in Makkah, then comes to Madinah with the sole aim of visiting me in my Masjid, for him shall be written (the rewards of) two accepted Hajj.” [Daylami] “When a person stands at my grave reciting blessings on me, I hear it; and whoever calls for blessings on me in any other place, his every need in this world and in the hereafter is fulfilled and on the day of Qiyamah I shall be his witness and intercessor.” [Bayhaqi]
• The viewing holes above are aligned to the faces of the inhabitants of the graves. The largest hole on the left directly faces the noble face of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). The one in the middle is aligned to the face of Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) and likewise the one on the right is aligned to the face of Umar (رضي الله عنه).

• The Prophet (ﷺ) was buried in the house of Aisha (رضي الله عنها) in whose house he was staying at the time of his death. The wives of the Prophet (ﷺ) lived in small, simple huts adjacent to the masjid. Each hut consisted of a room which was approximately 5m x 4m with a small backyard and were made of unbaked bricks of mud with branches of palm tree as a roof covering.
• On the left side of the hut of Aisha (رضي الله عنها) was the hut of Sauda (رضي الله عنها), the second wife of the Prophet (ﷺ). The hut of Hafsa (رضي الله عنها), another wife of the Prophet (ﷺ) and the daughter of Umar (رضي الله عنه) was on the opposite side. There used to be a very narrow street between their houses, just enough for one person to walk through. Aisha (رضي الله عنها) and Hafsa (رضي الله عنها) used to converse with each other while sitting in their own huts. Part of the hut of Hafsa (رضي الله عنها) was located inside the present Sacred Chamber and part of it is where visitors stand for salutation to the Prophet (ﷺ).
• In 91 AH Umar bin Abdul Aziz (رحمه الله) built five cornered walls so that nobody may enter inside the Sacred Chamber. After several plots were uncovered to steal the body of the Prophet (ﷺ) by digging underneath the graves, the Sultan Nurruddin Zengi had a trench built around the chamber which was filled with molten lead.

Death and burial of the Prophet (ﷺ)

• In Muharram 11 AH the Prophet (ﷺ) developed a temperature which kept getting higher and he became increasingly ill day by day. He sought permission from his wives to stay in the room of Aisha (رضي الله عنها) which they readily acceded to. On Monday, 12 Rabi al-Awwal, he came out with a bandage tied around his head. Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) was leading the salah and moved backwards but the Prophet (ﷺ) motioned him to complete the prayer.
   
• Among the last advice the Prophet (ﷺ) gave out was the importance of prayer and the just treatment of slaves and servants. In closing he said: “I leave with you two things. As long as you hold them tightly, you will never go astray; they are the Book of Allah (the Quran) and my sunnah.”
• The Prophet (ﷺ) grew weaker and eventually passed away on the afternoon of Monday, 12 Rabiul-Awwal, 11 AH (633 CE).
• The companions offered funeral prayers individually, without an Imam. The people said: “Bury him near the pulpit.” Others said, “Bury him in Baqi”. Then Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) came and said, “I heard the Prophet of Allah (ﷺ) saying: ‘A Prophet was never buried except at the place where he died’.”  Thus, a grave was dug under the bed in the room and whilst they were bathing him they intended to remove his shirt and a voice was heard, “Do not remove the shirt.” He was then bathed with his shirt. [Muwatta Malik]

Death and burial of Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه)

• Caliph Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) left a will with his daughter Aisha (رضي الله عنها) to bury him by the side of the Prophet (ﷺ). He died in Jamad al-Ukhra in 13 AH at the age of 63, the same age as the Prophet (ﷺ) at the time of his death. During his fifteen days of illness Umar (رضي الله عنه) led the salah. Abu Bakr (رضي الله عنه) had been Caliph for around two and a half years.

Death and burial of Umar (رضي الله عنه)

• Caliph Umar bin Al-Khattab (رضي الله عنه) was stabbed by a Persian slave named Firoz (also known as Abu Lulu) who then committed suicide. Shortly before his death he said to his son, Abdullah: “Go to the mother of the believers, Aisha (رضي الله عنها) and say, ‘Umar bin Al-Khattab sends his greetings to you,’ and request her to allow me to be buried with my two companions.” Aisha (رضي الله عنها) said, “I had the idea of having this place for myself but today I will give preference to him over myself.” When he returned he said: “She has allowed you (to be buried there).” On that Umar (رضي الله عنه) said: “Nothing was more important to me than to be buried in that (sacred) place.” He died on Muharram 1, 24 AH, his tenure as Caliph lasted ten and a half years. Suhaib (رضي الله عنه) led his funeral prayer. After the burial of Umar (رضي الله عنه) in the Sacred Chamber, Aisha (رضي الله عنها) put a partition between the area occupied by the graves and the rest of the room as Umar (رضي الله عنه) was not mahram to her.
• There is a spot for a fourth grave in the Sacred Chamber where Isa (عليه السلام) [Jesus] will eventually be buried. Tirmidhi has mentioned as narrated by Abdullah bin Salam (رضي الله عنه), “The characteristics of Prophet Mohammad (ﷺ) are described in Old Testament and it is also mentioned there that Isa (عليه السلام) will be buried with him.” 
• The video below shows a 3D visualisation of the Sacred Chamber and surrounding area:

References:  History of Madinah Munawwarah – Dr. Muhammad Ilyas Abdul Ghani, Virtues of Hajj – Sheikh Zakariyya Kandhalvi, The History of Islam – Akbar Shah Najeebabadi